The Avionic History

In the previous topics, I have been discuss how the principal why the aircraft can fly so in this new topic I will explain how the avionics have been developed and what is the advantages for the crew and the pilot its self... Seems the avionics is not weird anymore in the flyer's or aviation enthusiasm and for those who still unfamiliar with this kind of thing, actually avionics is a electronics device where usual its put in the cockpits and now a days the avionics from it self have been develop more complex instead in the beyond time.

Once upon a time, the aircraft are still depends on the aviator eyes to make the plane headings and land in the safety destination. During that time, the aircraft are still flying in the low altitude and low airspeed so that the pilots are using a river, train track, mount as a checkpoint. A conclusion, the aircraft should be operate in the day light and a clear weather, if not there will be a same as suicide mission. In the other words, pilots should have their own brave instead they have their good eyes. For the first Flyer aircraft was airborne, there will be no instrument such as Airspeed indicator, VSI or the others, its only depends on joysticks, concurrently with the improvement of the technology, the first instrument where have found an airspeed instrument indicator, compass and the clock use for a pilot to navigate as a dead reckoning. The last instrument which has been installed on it something like a water pass and finally its change into a artificial horizon in the last decade of 1920. Since the first war world, the aviation business have been increasing and it cause the aircraft have to fly during the night time, with that current condition the avionics from it self have to do a lot of improvement to enable the aircraft could able to operate in the night time and from here its born a several of engineer profession in the cockpit such as RO ( Radio Operator ), FE ( Flight Engineer ) & Navigator.

The example of the aircraft, where got this kind of profession is a DC-3 Dakota. There will be include five aviator, which is Pilot, Co-Pilot, Radio Operator, Flight engineer & Navigator. Navigator will command the whole route for the pilot to heading the aircraft through all the checkpoint and land safely in a destination. If we observe the Dakota from its self, there will be a cube above the aircraft called as an astrodrome, whereby the function for the navigator is to see the position of a stars, sextant sightseer and count the position of the aircraft using the star. The conclusion of the navigator job, is seems like a sailor. Moving to the Radio Operator, where the job is to sending the morse code communication from the aircraft to the ATC. Why using a morse code?? During that time the communication connection to the ground controller is very unstable and irregularity of radio waves. Coming to the last part, which is Flight Engineer where the job is to observe the oil pressure of the engine, the RPM (Rotation Per Minute) of the engine, the fuel flow and the temperature as well. Overlapped with the improvement of a modern technology, Navigator are eliminate from this part since have been found a radar and others navigation device. Same things are happened to Flight Engineer & Radio Operator, because of the conversation that have been done by a pilot directly to the ATC. Temporary, FE ( Flight Engineer ) is still using in the complex avionics, such as Boeing 707. Finally in the early decade of 1980, the man who have to responsible to take care all over the aircraft is Pilot and Co pilot with the term of " two men cockpit " technology, which apply in the A 300 B4.

GLASS COCKPIT

Coming to the new century, the old mechanics avionics gauge are starting to be developed and changed by the modern technology since its come to 1980 and 1990. Fly by wire will take over the mechanism controls and the glass cockpit will take over the gauge instrument. From the above topics, Glass didn't means the whole cockpit were built in a glass structure, but instead of the whole instrument have been made fully digitalis computerize, its absolute different if we compare with the gauge instrument in mechanism working. For the example: An airspeed indicator, when its detect by the censor, the number of the airspeed will show in the airspeed indicator instrument in mechanism way, in the other words if the mechanism are damaged automatically the showing number will be fault despite the no of airspeed where received by the censor is true. Whereas the Glass Cockpit, the data which has been received by the censor will be process through the computer first and then the output will be display in the monitor screen called as CRT ( Cathode Ray Tube ) where the next generation is a LCD ( Liquid Crystal Display ). Since it was a LCD, so some of instrument indicator will be fixed into 1 screen.

Example of the aircraft where are using the LCD monitor is A 320. In A 320 there will be a six 8 * 8 inch LCD monitor which is a pair of PFD ( Primary Flight Display ), a pair of ND ( navigation Display ), E/WD ( Engine Warning System ) & ECAM ( Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitoring ). Each of these Information system will have their own specific information in it, which will elaborate in below:

1. PFD ( Primary Flight Display ) displaying : Airspeed indicator, Heading indicator, Artificial Horizon indicator, Altitude indicator, FMA ( Flight Mode Annunciator ), ILS [( Instrument Landing system ) Guidance ILS/GS ] and Radio altitude

PFD ( Primary Flight Display )

2. ND ( Navigation Display ) Displaying : TAS ( True Airspeed ), GS ( Ground Speed ), Wind and speed direction, TCAS ( Traffic Collision Avoidance System ), way points symbols, Airports symbols, NDB, VOR , & flight plan tracked lines

ND ( Navigation Display )

3. E/WD ( Engine warning system ) Displaying : Engine Information such as ( N1, EPR, N2, FF ), Thrust Mode ( only on Airbus aircraft ) such as IDL, CL, FLX & TO-GA, Thrust percent value, FOB ( Fuel on Board ), Flaps indicator position, Warning alert area such as ( Fasten seat belt sign, No smoking sign , Take off checklist and landing checklist information ), & Status message area.

E/WD ( Engine Warning Display )
Upper ECAM

4. ECAM ( Electronics Centralized Aircraft Monitoring ) Displaying : Door page, Engine page, Wheel page, Flight Control page, Air Bleed page, Cabin pressure page, Electricity page, Fuel page & Hydraulics page.

ECAM ( Electronics Centralized Aircraft Monitoring )
Flight Control Page
NB : Lower ECAM

Here are some comparison picture between the Glass Cockpit and Gauge instrument:

GLASS COCKPIT ( A33o-200/300 )


INSTRUMENT GAUGE ( B 737-200 )


Rolling out,

Dan,s.

Bukit Jalil Speed Racer 2 ??

Well, today I have decide with Jensen, Pulung and Caesar went to Midvalley to saw the Speed racer, which has been waiting for me since the movies has been released for a weeks but I don't know what kind of hindrance do hold us to cancel it... The next idea which has been decide by Pulung, we go to Bukit komanwel to take some snap shot view from the komanwel hill. In the middle of journey, we hang over for while in the Bukit Jalil yard to saw a drift racer which is held by a ???? car competition (NB: Since I don't know what kind of car exhibition it's held, I just put a question marks symbol there,hahahaha) And.... Here's the some picture captured by my camera

86 Corolla was lead the first competition

Follow by a Skyline R 32, which trying to beat the first 86 Corolla

Corolla 86, tries to show the best drift that he has

Time its show 6.30, and its time for us to move to the hill of komanwel to capturing a dusk beautiful cirrus and stratus clouds view, all at once the down racer view from the top

A drifting and car competition surround a Bukit Jalil stadium view from the top
A pretty much combination between the highway and the skylight dusk texture

In the end, I have my dinner with Mahe, Nella and William in the Mamak Arena.


Peace out

Dan,s

Happy Birthday Wiiiiriiiiiii ( Mr.Choi ) & Mahe ( Siau Hei )

Just like usual, since everybody have their Birthday we wont left a Birthday cake as a tradition symbol in our gang. Yesterday was a Mahe and Wiri Birthday , we are celebrating it in Nandos (Pavilion). Actually this isn't the place whereby the first time we have planned celebrate it in Kimgary resto in Sungei Wang, since we are running out of place to fit all the crew in it. Before the dinner party were started, in the evening we have planned to watched " Iron Man " movies in the IMAX. Since the time isn't suit for us, which the movie will play at 3 o'clock ( Just in time we arrive at Times square 3 o'clock ) so we change it in the GSC Cinema at 3.40. In the remain times before the times for movies, we are ( Jensen, Me, Nella, Dyana & Angel ) can still layover in Sushi King resto to take our lunch ( actually it isn't lunch anymore, there should be teatime ). Here... are some picture I have captured, after meal.

Jensen & Angel are being a Sushi Promoter

From right [ Nella, Dyana ( Seems she look sleepy,
can be shown in her eyes, hahaha ) & Angel ].

Its time for movies, unfortunately we lost 20 minutes from the movies. But overall the movies are really freaking awesome, especially in the dogfight action among the robot and the combat aircraft F -22 Raptor, so do the instalation between the human hands and the virtual robots hands. The movies ends up at 6 o'clock, and its time for us to searching a presents for Wiri and Mahe. Finally the presents drops in the Bossini store, and it is a twin T- Shirt Mario Bross for both of them. Time is shown 8.45 already, and here is the top of the day have been waiting for us. its time to walked to the Nandos Pavilion to get our Birthday dinner and here is the picture where the dinner party were started until the end.

All were still waiting for Thomas, Steward, Andrew & Devy
where they are still on their journey to reach here

Here's the cakes. Gorgeous, isn't it??
Including the nickname for Wiri (Mr.Choi) & Mahe (Siau Hei)

Their action was captured, before starting to cut and blown the candle

Looks wiri are spend all over his power to cut the cake

Left ( Angel ), Top ( me ) & Left ( Jensen )

Not everybody inside of it cause, not too far enough
for taking whole of it, btw hilarious isn't it??

All of the Gang participant in front of the Nandos Resto



Peace out,

Dan,s.

Why Aircraft Can Fly???

The answer will be The Bernoulli Concept Principal. Aircraft can fly, because the lift is greatest than a weight from its aircraft, in the other side " air " will be important concept why the aircraft can fly and without the air aircraft wont be airborne too. The wing will also has an unique design from its architecture too, the figure from it self will be the upper surface of the wing are always be curve instead of the below one, and the back shape from the wing will be more sharpen instead from the front too, this kind of wing will be called as an " Aerofoil ".

The upper surface air flow will be more powerful instead from the below surface, and the pressure from the above surface are smaller rather than a below one. When the aircraft flew, there will be some of challenges he will face it, such as the air drag, passing through the clouds drags and the weight from it self of the aircraft. Since drags are familiar with all the type of aircraft, there will be a reducing the smaller of drags which have been doing an accurate observation. The basic potency in affecting of an aircraft which is:

1) Weight = Downward force, when the weight is greater than lift. It will cause the aircraft to descend, since its airborne already.Weight is created by the force of gravity,which is pulling the aircraft weight center towards in the earth. In here weight is sum of passenger, cargo and fuel.

2) Drag = Opposite of the aircraft movement. Drag will be produced by the aircraft structure, and the particles of air.

3) Lift = Upward force, when the lift is greater than weight. It will cause the aircraft airborne.

4) Thrust = Direct opposite of the drag. Thrust is reproduced by the aircraft engine, when thrust overcomes the force of drag, the aircraft will increase horizontal speed, during flight these four forces are balanced out perfectly.

From the above description, hope you can know how the basic aircraft can fly.


Peace out

Dan,s.

Finally Its over....

Its been a weeks, I have been pressed and constrain by doing my WMM and MMA assignment which has been submit in this Monday & Tuesday.Either my presentation for both of them is finally over already, and Now I'm freeee,YAYYYY !!!!!!! Its left exam, which has been schedule for 2 weeks later. For release the 2 weeks misery, now I have to take a fresh air by finding some entertainment at town. Yesterday I'm going to IKEA and the curve with the usual gang, but not everybody inside of it, they are only Jensen, Dyana & Linda, according the others gang are still busy with their assignment. Here are some picture of us in the Fake Disneyland of the Curve

The Shark are trying to swallow Linda head

Jensen are screaming, someone are going choke his neck

From the right,( Linda, dyana & jensen ) is in Kimgary Hongkong resto
Uninvited guess, suddenly appearing out from my side
from right ( Me, Jensen & Linda )



Peace out,

Dan,s